The kinetic theory of matter states that gases are made of

The kinetic theory of matter states that all matter is made of small particles that are in random motion and that have space between them. And since gases have even more energy than liquids, their particles are moving around a lot more, too.

Explanation:

organisms are more likely to be more preserved in mud than sand because mud is moist and wet, while sand is very dry.

hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only hydrogens and carbons. they can be saturated (those which contain only carbon-carbon single bonds) or unsaturated (those which contain carbon-carbon double or triple bonds) in nature. hydrocarbons can undergo several reactions like substitution, elimination etc.  

on substituting one or more hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon it results in the formation of haloalkane. as the halogen atoms are large compared to the carbon and hydrogen atoms, due to which the molecular weight increases and the bond become polar because of presence electronegative halogen atom and results in the increase in boiling point of the haloalkane.

thus, the correct option is (b) that is the boiling point of the new compound increases on substituting a hydrogen atom with a halogen in a hydrocarbon.