How do hydroxide ions and hydrogen ions disrupt hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds in a protein

The reaction takes place between the hydroxide ions and the hydrogen ions by which the bonds get made with the disruption of ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds in the protein.

Explanation:

within water molecules there are hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The bond which gets formed is the Polar covalent bonds in this process . The time which is provided to them is more and is given by the shared electrons which get along with the  atoms of oxygen rather than with hydrogen atoms.

To a water molecule their is no changes done, but the scene sets into that there is  on each hydrogen atom their is a slight positive charge and on the oxygen atom their is slight negative charge.

The system then get affected by these negative and positive charges, The atoms which are slightly positively charged i.e. Hydrogen repel each other and form a unique shape.

Because of the positive and negative charges in the parts of the molecule at different places each water molecule attracts other water molecules

other polar molecules (such as sugars) also gets attracted by the water molecules, forming hydrogen bonds.  water in the presence of hydrogen bonds are readily formed when there other molecules are also present there , it get dissolved in water and is known as hydrophilic (“water-loving”).

With non polar substances like oils and fats the hydrogen bonds are not readily formed. Hydrophobic (“water-fearing”) are these non polar compounds and they will not get dissolved in water.

iron and sleel

make siroeel

the density of gold = 19.3 g/cm3

the relation between density and mass and volume is

density = mass / volume

given :

mass of gold = 13 g

density = 13g / volume = 19.3

volume = 13 /19.3 = 0.67 cm^3

thus volume of gold nugget = 0.67 cm^3