Which electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom have the highest energy?

Valence electrons

Explanation:

Electrons at higher energy levels, which are farther from the nucleus, have more energy. They also have more orbitals and greater possible numbers of electrons. Electrons at the outermost energy level of an atom are called valence electrons. Valence electrons determine many of the properties of an element. That’s because these electrons are involved in chemical reactions with other atoms. Atoms may share or transfer valence electrons.

I hope this helps :)

i don't see a text, but i am gonna assume this *orbit* the curved path, usually elliptical, described by a planet, satellite, spaceship, etc., around a celestial body, as the sun.