Consider a solution that is 1.3×10−2 M in Ba2+ and 2.0×10−2 M in Ca2+. Ksp(BaSO4)=1.07×10−10 Ksp(CaSO4)=7.10×10−5 If sodium sulfate is used to selectively precipitate one of the cations while leaving the other cation in solution, which cation will precipitate first?

Explanation:

Ksp(BaSO4)=1.07×10−10

BaSO₄ → Ba²⁺ + SO₄²⁻

1.07×10⁻¹⁰ = ( Ba²⁺) × ( SO₄²⁻)

but Ba²⁺ = 1.3×10⁻² M

1.07×10⁻¹⁰  = 1.3×10⁻² M × ( SO₄²⁻)

( SO₄²⁻)  = 1.07×10⁻¹⁰  / 1.3×10⁻² = 0.823 × 10⁻⁸ M

while Ksp(CaSO4)=7.10×10−5

CaSO₄ → Ca²⁺ + SO₄²⁻

7.10×10⁻⁵ = 2.0×10⁻² × ( SO₄²⁻)

( SO₄²⁻)  = 7.10×10⁻⁵  /  2.0×10⁻² = 3.55 × 10⁻³ M

comparing the concentration of sulfate ions, Ba²⁺ cation will precipitate first because the Ba²⁺ requires 0.823 × 10⁻⁸ M sodium sulfate which less compared the about needed by CaSO₄

alienation, transformation, consumption, and the relativity of truth.

you can choose any one of these, they are all important themes.

these themes reflect the distinct sensibilities of both the modernist and postmodern aesthetic movements. (from google, you should paraphrase)

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