A chemist must prepare 800mL of potassium hydroxide solution with a pH of 13.90 at 25C.?
He will do this in three steps.

1. fill a 800mL volumetric flask about halfway with distilled water.

2. weigh out a small amount of solid potassium hydroxide and add it to the flask.

3. fill the flask to the mark with distilled water.

Calculate the mass of potassium hydroxide that the chemist must weigh out in the second step.

35.6 g

Explanation:

Step 1: Calculate the [H⁺]

We use the following expression

pH = -log [H⁺]

[H⁺] = antilog -pH = antilog -13.90 = 1.259 × 10⁻¹⁴ M

Step 2: Calculate the [OH⁻]

We use the ionic product of water (Kw).

Kw = 10⁻¹⁴ = [H⁺] × [OH⁻]

[OH⁻] = 0.7943 M

Step 3: Calculate the moles of OH⁻

Step 4: Calculate the required moles of KOH

KOH is a strong base that dissociates according to the following equation.

KOH → K⁺ + OH⁻

The molar ratio of KOH to OH⁻ is 1:1. Then, the required moles of KOH are 0.635 moles.

Step 5: Calculate the mass of KOH

The molar mass of KOH is 56.11 g/mol.

8

explanation:

each principal energy level above the first contains one s orbital and three p orbitals. a set of three p orbitals, called the p sublevel, can hold a maximum of six electrons. therefore, the second level can contain a maximum of eight electrons - that is, two in the s orbital and 6 in the three p orbitals.

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