Polar solvents dissolve
solutes and nonpolar solvents
solutes.
nonpolar
polar

Non-polar/polar
Polar/non-polar

Polar solvents dissolve polar solutes and non polar solvents, non polar solutes.

since the atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus, as we move to the left on the periodic table, the electrostatic pull between the nucleus and the valence electron shell decreases. as we move down a group (vertical column), the valence shell energy level gets further and further from the nucleus.