1) The temperature inside my refrigerator is about 40 Celsius. If I place a balloon in my fridge that initially has a temperature of 220 C and a volume of 0.5 liters, what will be the volume of the balloon when it is fully cooled by my refrigerator?

In this case, the volume of the balloon when it is fully cooled by my refrigerator - 0.30 L

 To find out the volume of the balloon when it is fully cooled we need to Convert degree Celsius to kelvin when solving the gas laws problem.  

kelvin = degree celsius + 273.15  

Kelvin = 40 + 273.15 = 313.15 K  

Kelvin = 22 + 273.15 = 493.15 K

Then,

Given Data:  

V1 (initital volume) = 0.5 L  

T1 (initial temperature) = 220°c or 493.15 K  

V2 (final volume) = unknwon ?  

T2 (final temperature) = 40°c  or 313.15 K  

Solution:

Charles' gas law states that volume is directly proportional to kelvin temperature when the amount and pressure of the gas are constant.

Formula:

or  

  = K    (cancel kelvin unit)    

    = 0.3175 L or 0.30 L

Thus, the  volume of the balloon when it is fully cooled by my refrigerator - 0.30 L

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 The volume of the balloon when it is fully cooled by my refrigerator is 0.3 L

Explanation:

To calculate the final volume of the system, we use the equation given by Charles' Law. This law states that volume of the gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas at constant pressure.

Mathematically,

where,

are the initial volume and temperature of the gas.

are the final volume and temperature of the gas.

We are given:

Putting values in above equation, we get:

Thus the volume of the balloon when it is fully cooled by my refrigerator is 0.3 L

- aluminum and copper chloride.

- the chloride ion to separate the aluminum from the oxygen so that the aluminum can react with the copper ions (and the water molecules).