. Which equation describes the half-reaction that occurs at the cathode during the electrolysis of water?

2H2O(l) + 2e– → H2(g) + 2OH–(aq)

2H2O(l) → 2H2(g) + O2(g)

4H+(aq) + 4OH–(aq) → 4H2O(l)

O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e– → 2H2O(l)

How is energy related to the change of state represented by the model? atoms gain energy as a solid changes to a liquid. atoms gain energy as a solid changes to a gas. atoms lose energy as a solid changes to a liquid. atoms lose energy as a solid changes to a gas.