A critical reaction in the production of energy in biological systems is the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) as described by ATP(aq) + H2O(l)  ADP(aq) + HPO4-2(aq) for which ΔG°rxn = –30.5 kJ/mol at 37.0°C. Calculate the value of ΔGrxn in a biological cell in which [ATP] = 1.2 x10-2 M, [ADP] = 8.4 x10-3 M, and [HPO4-2] = 2.1x10-3 M.

ΔG° of reaction =  -47.3 x J/mol      

Explanation:

As we can see, we have been a particular reaction and Energy values as well.

ΔG° of reaction = -30.5 kJ/mol

Temperature = 37°C.

And we have to calculat the ΔG° of reaction in the biological cell which contains ATP, ADP and HPO4-2:

The first step is to calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction:

Equilibrium Constant K =

And we have values given for these quantities in the biological cell:

[HP04-2] = 2.1 x M

[ATP] = 1.2 x M

[ADP] = 8.4 x M

Let's plug in these values in the above equation for equilibrium constant:

K =

K = 1.47 x M

Now, we have to calculate the ΔG° of reaction for the biological cell:

But first we have to convert the temperature in Kelvin scale.

Temp = 37°C

Temp = 37 + 273

Temp = 310 K

ΔG° of reaction = (-30.5 ) + (8.314)x (310K)xln(0.00147)

Where 8.314 = value of Gas Constant

ΔG° of reaction = (-30.5 x ) + (-16810.68)

ΔG° of reaction = -47.3 x J/mol

some of the qualities most frequently associated with the baroque are grandeur, sensuous richness, drama, vitality, movement, tension, emotional exuberance, and a tendency to blur distinctions between the various arts.

answer: c. the experiment shows that the red substance experienced a chemical change.

explanation: chemical change is the change in which chemical composition of the substance changes. physical change is the change in which there is no change in chemical composition.

chemical changes are accompanied by following changes:

a) precipitate formation

b) energy is released or absorbed

c) formation of bubbles

d) change in color

as it is given that the red color has disappeared and there is production of gas, it means the red substance has undergone a chemical change.

e