In the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution (SN1 or Sn2), an existing bond breaks and a new bond forms. What is one main difference between the two mechanisms? (A) An SN2 reaction leads to inversion of configuration while an Sy1 reaction gives retention of configuration at a stereogenic carbon. (B) Tertiary butyl halides can react by either mechanism. (C) The timing of bond formation and bond breaking are different in the two mechanisms. on carbocation stability (D) The rate of an SN2 reaction is dependent (E) The rate of an SN1 reaction is independent of the electrophile concentration

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Complete Question

In the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution (SN1 or Sn2), an existing bond breaks and a new bond forms. What is one main difference between the two mechanisms?

(A) An SN2 reaction leads to inversion of configuration while an Sy1 reaction gives retention of configuration at a stereogenic carbon.

(B) Tertiary butyl halides can react by either mechanism. (C) The timing of bond formation and bond breaking are different in the two mechanisms.

(D) The rate of an SN2 reaction is dependent on carbocation stability

(E) The rate of an SN1 reaction is independent of the electrophile concentration

(A) An SN2 reaction leads to inversion of configuration while an SN1 reaction gives retention of configuration at a stereogenic carbon.

Explanation:

Nucleophilic substitution can be defined as the reaction that occurs between a nucleophile and an electrophile.

In Nucleophilic substitution we have two mechanism of reaction.

a) SN1 mechanism

b) SN2 mechanism.

SN1 mechanism is a two step mechanism. SN1 mechanism is a unimolecular mechanism because it takes place in only one molecule. This mechanism is independent of the concentration of the base or nucleophile used in the reaction. SN1 reaction leads to the retention of configuration at a stereogenic carbon

SN2 mechanism is a mechanism that takes place in only 1 step. SN2 mechanism is a Bimolecular mechanism because it takes place in only two molecules. This mechanism is dependent on the concentration of the base or nucleophile used in the reaction. An SN2 reaction results in the inversion of configuration at a stereogenic carbon.

One main difference between the two mechanisms is that the an SN2 reaction leads to inversion of configuration while an SN1 reaction gives retention of configuration at a stereogenic carbon.

explanation:

the largest database of organic compounds lists about 10 million substances, which include compounds originating from living organisms and those synthesized by chemists. the number of potential organic compounds has been estimated at 1060—an astronomically high number. the existence of so many organic molecules is a consequence of the ability of carbon atoms to form up to four strong bonds to other carbon atoms, resulting in chains and rings of many different sizes, shapes, and complexities. the simplest organic compounds contain only the elements carbon and hydrogen, and are called hydrocarbons. even though they are composed of only two types of atoms, there is a wide variety of hydrocarbons because they may consist of varying lengths of chains, branched chains, and rings of carbon atoms, or combinations of these structures. in addition, hydrocarbons may differ in the types of carbon-carbon bonds present in their molecules. many hydrocarbons are found in plants, animals, and their fossils; other hydrocarbons have been prepared in the laboratory. we use hydrocarbons every day, mainly as fuels, such as natural gas, acetylene, propane, butane, and the principal components of gasoline, diesel fuel, and heating oil. the familiar plastics polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene are also hydrocarbons. we can distinguish several types of hydrocarbons by differences in the bonding between carbon atoms. this leads to differences in geometries and in the hybridization of the carbon orbitals.

explanation:

let the different atoms be x and y. each with four protons and same mass will be represented as follows.

mass number is number of protons + number of neutrons.

            and  

since, it is given that one has a negative charge while the other is neutral. therefore, there will be increase in number of protons and the atom will be represented as follows.

according to periodic table, mass number of beryllium is 9 and it has atomic number 4 so, the atoms will be and .  

the protons and neutrons will be located inside the nucleus whereas the electrons will be revolving around the nucleus.