Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, calculate the percentage of an ammonia solution that would be in the ionic form at pH 9.40, assuming a pKa for the ammonium ion of 9.25.

41.45% is the precentage of the ionic form

Explanation:

H-H equation is used to find pH of a buffer. The formula is:

pH = pKa + log₁₀ [X⁻] / [HX]

Where X⁻ is the conjugate base of the weak acid, HX.

In the ammonia buffer:

NH₄⁺ ⇄ NH₃ + H⁺

NH₄⁺ is the weak acid (Ionic form) and NH₃ is the conjugate base. Replacing:

9.40 = 9.25 + log₁₀ [NH₃] / [NH₄⁺]

1.4125 = [NH₃] / [NH₄⁺] (1)

In a percentage, [NH₃] + [NH₄⁺] = 100 (2)

Replacing (2) in (1):

1.4125 = 100 - [NH₄⁺] / [NH₄⁺]

1.4125[NH₄⁺] = 100 - [NH₄⁺]

2.4125[NH₄⁺] = 100

[NH₄⁺] = 41.45% is the precentage of the ionic form

answer: the rate of diffusion increases with increase in temperature.

increase in temperature, increases the molecular/particles speed (kinetic energy. diffusion means movement of particles through the material.

generally, the heavier the particle the more it interacts with the environment and more the temperature matters. so higher temperature results in higher diffusion.

that tool would be a compass