Which of the following aqueous solutions are good buffer systems? 0.31 M ammonium bromide + 0.39 M ammonia
0.31 M nitrous acid + 0.25 M potassium nitrite
0.21 M perchloric acid + 0.21 M potassium perchlorate
0.16 M potassium cyanide + 0.21 M hydrocyanic acid
0.14 M hypochlorous acid + 0.21 M sodium hypochlorite
0.13 M nitrous acid + 0.12 M potassium nitrite
0.15 M potassium hydroxide + 0.22 M potassium bromide
0.23 M hydrobromic acid + 0.20 M potassium bromide
0.34 M calcium iodide + 0.29 M potassium iodide
0.33 M ammonia + 0.30 M sodium hydroxide
0.20 M nitrous acid + 0.18 M potassium nitrite
0.30 M ammonia + 0.34 M ammonium bromide
0.29 M hydrobromic acid + 0.22 M sodium bromide
0.17 M calcium hydroxide + 0.28 M calcium bromide
0.34 M potassium iodide + 0.27 M potassium bromide

Answers are in the explanation.

Explanation:

A buffer is defined as the aqueous mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa. Having this in mind:

0.31 M ammonium bromide + 0.39 M ammonia . Is a good buffer system because ammonia is a weak base and its conjugate base, ammonium ion is in the solution.

0.31 M nitrous acid + 0.25 M potassium nitrite . Is a good buffer system because nitrous acid is the weak acid and nitrite ion its conjugate base.

0.21 M perchloric acid + 0.21 M potassium perchlorate . Perchloric acid is a strong acid. Thus, Is not a good buffer system.

0.16 M potassium cyanide + 0.21 M hydrocyanic acid . Hydrocyanic acid is a weak acid and cyanide ion is its conjugate base. Is a good buffer system.

0.14 M hypochlorous acid + 0.21 M sodium hypochlorite . Hypochlorous acid is a weak acid and hypochlorite ion its conjugate base. Is a good buffer system.

0.13 M nitrous acid + 0.12 M potassium nitrite . Is a good buffer system as I explained yet.

0.15 M potassium hydroxide + 0.22 M potassium bromide . Potassium hydroxide is a strong base. Is not a good buffer system.

0.23 M hydrobromic acid + 0.20 M potassium bromide . HBr is a strong acid. Is not a good buffer system.

0.34 M calcium iodide + 0.29 M potassium iodide . CaI and KI are both salts, Is not a good buffer system.

0.33 M ammonia + 0.30 M sodium hydroxide . Ammonia is a weak base but its conjugate base ammonium ion is not in solution. Is not a good buffer system.

0.20 M nitrous acid + 0.18 M potassium nitrite . Is a good buffer system.

0.30 M ammonia + 0.34 M ammonium bromide . Ammonia and ammonium in solution, Good buffer system.

0.29 M hydrobromic acid + 0.22 M sodium bromide . HBr is a strong acid, is not a good buffer system.

0.17 M calcium hydroxide + 0.28 M calcium bromide . CaOH is a strong base, is not a good buffer system.

0.34 M potassium iodide + 0.27 M potassium bromide. KI and KBr are both salts, is not a good buffer system.

because natural gas is colorless, odorless, and tasteless, distributors add mercaptan (a chemical that smells like sulfur) to give natural gas a distinct unpleasant odor (it smells like rotten eggs). they locate the types of rock that are likely to contain natural gas deposits.

a 20-cm-long, cylindrical graphite (pure carbon) rod is inserted into an oxidizing atmosphere at 1145 k and 1.013 x 105 pa pressure. the oxidizing process is limited by the diffu- sion of oxygen counterflow to the carbon monoxide that is formed on the cylindrical surface.