Predict the crystal ionic radius for antimony, Sb, observing the trend in values for the crystal ionic radii of the other elements belonging to the same group. p .340, As .580, Sb

Explanation:

We know that Ionic radius increases on going downwards in any group. In group 15, the last elements Sb and Bi have ionic radii lesser than the rest of its elements i.e N,P and As.  

This is due to the fact that  Sb and Bi have completely filled d and f sub-shells which have least shielding effect.  

Thus,  they do not guard the valence electrons to a greater extent due to which the valence electrons feel almost whole nuclear charge.  

This, results into attraction of valence electrons towards nucleus and hence size decreases.  

c. heat could easily travel through the molecules in the air and escape/enter the flask. removing the air slows down the heat transfer.  

i don't see a text, but i am gonna assume this *orbit* the curved path, usually elliptical, described by a planet, satellite, spaceship, etc., around a celestial body, as the sun.