Describe the movement of molecules in solids, liquids, and gases. Be sure to explain why the molecules move differently in each state of matter.

See explanation

Explanation:

The degree of movement of molecules in each not the three different states of matter depends on the arrangement of the molecules.

In a solid, molecules are packed closely together and are held in fixed positions by strong intermolecular forces such that they can only vibrate or rotate about a fixed point.

In liquids, molecules are less closely packed hence they can flow around each other but possess only little kinetic energy. Intermolecular forces in liquids are much lesser than that of solids.

In gases, intermolecular forces are negligible and gas molecules move with a very high velocity and possess high kinetic energy. There are large spaces between gas molecules and they are always in motion.

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.