Identify the predominant intermolecular forces in each of these substances. 1. H2O
2. CaCl2
3. CH3CH(CH3)OH
4. CH4
5. NH3

H2O- hydrogen bonding

CaCl2- ion-ion interaction

CH3CH(CH3)OH- hydrogen bonding

CH4- dispersion forces

NH3- hydrogen bonding

Explanation:

Intermolecular forces are secondary bond forces that hold the molecules of a substance together in a given state of matter.

Intermolecular forces account for quite a number of the observed physical properties of a substance such as the boiling and melting point.

If a compound contains hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative element, hydrogen bonding becomes the most dominant intermolecular force, e.g in water and ammonia.

For nonpolar molecules, dispersion forces are the most dominant intermolecular forces. In ionic substance, ion-ion interaction becomes quite prominent.

answer : one can design an experiment using a liquid and an additive that can be added to the liquid and observe the chemical changes in the reaction species.

one would need a beaker which is filled with a known amount of the liquid in which thermometer is placed to measure the temperature changes; after addition of the additive to the liquid solution one can note down the temperature change and find whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic in nature. by subtracting the initial temperature value with the final temperature one can find the temperature changes.

various combinations of liquid and additive can be used. liquid in this case can be a known quantity of water and additives can be epsom salt or without epsom salt the experiment can be conducted to notice the changes. water and ice, hydrogen peroxide and dry yeast, vinegar and baking soda,etc.