Compare the mass of one mole of carbon-12 atoms to the sum of the masses of the particles that it contains.

Answe

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Explanation:

We use the equation:

Mass = Number of moles * Molecular or atomic mass

Since the number of moles is 1 ("one mole of carbon-12 atoms") and the atomic mass of carbon-12 atoms is 12, hence the mass would be 12 grams. Note that the unit grams (g) is used here, as it is the SI unit for mass measurement.

Number of particles in 1 mole = 6.023 × 1023

Mass of 1 electron = 9.10938 × 10-28 gm

Mass of 1 mole of electrons = 6.023 × 1023 × 9.10938 × 10-28  = 5.486  × 10 -4

Mass of 1 proton = 1.67262 × 10 -24 gm

Mass of 1 mole of protons = 6.023 × 1023 × 1.67262 × 10 -24 gm = 1.007 gm

Mass of 1 neutron = 1.67493 × 10-24  gm

Mass of 1 mole of neutron = 1.67493 × 10-24 × 6.023 × 1023   = 1.008 gm

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.