5.If the same distance runner started with a blood sodium ion concentration of 142 mmol/L and drank water equivalent to the volume of sweat lost during the race, what is the runner’s ending sodium ion concentration in mmol/L? Average blood volume is 5.00 L. Report your answer to three significant figures. Hint: If the runner drank as much fluid as was lost, what is the runner’s total blood volume at the end of the race? How many moles of sodium ions were in the runner’s blood at the end of the race?

Here is the missing part of the question.

4. A distance runner is in a 4-hour race and sweats at a rate of 455 mL/hour. The sodium ion concentration in sweat is, on average, 920. mg/L. How many moles of sodium ions were lost during the race? Report your answer to three significant figures.

Explanation:

Given that:

the time for the runner = 4 hours

the rate of sweating = 455 mL/hour

Therefore, the total sweating rate = 455 mL/hour × 4 hours

the total sweating rate = 1820 mL

The conc. in sweat = 920 mg/L

Thus, the total number in grams of sweat lost =

= 1674.4 mg

= 1.6744 grams

number of moles of   sweat lost = mass of   sweat lost/ molar mass of

number of moles of   sweat lost = 1.6744/ 23

number of moles of   sweat lost = 0.0728  mole

5. concentration of the runner = 142 mmol/L

the average volume of blood = 5.00 L

the number of moles sodium    = concentration × volume

the number of moles sodium    = 142 mmol/L × 5.000 L

the number of moles sodium    = 710 mmol

the number of moles sodium    = 0.710 mol

recall that; the number of moles of   sweat lost = 0.0728 mol

thus, the number of remaining  = (0.71 - 0.0728) mol

the number of remaining  = 0.6372 mol

The runner ending   concentration =  0.6372 mol/ 5.00 L

The runner ending   concentration =  127440 mmol/L

a). in this case, dh> 0 and sd> 0. if t becomes larger, the term "-tds" will become more negative. at some point, it is possible that -dts will be more negative than the dh is positive, and the reaction will become spontaneous. this is probably the correct answer, but you should look at all of the other possibilities and make sure of that.