Which electrons participate in chemical bonding

valence electrons

Explanation:-

Chemical bond is formed either by sharing of electrons or transfer of valence electrons.

Chemical reactivity is defined as the tendency of an element to loose or gain electrons which are present in the last or valence shell which are called as valence electrons.

A covalent bond is formed when an element shares its valence electron with another element. This bond is formed between two non metals.

is formed by sharing of valence electrons of hydrogen and fluorine to complete their octet.

An ionic bond is formed when an element completely transfers its valence electron to another element. The element which donates the electron is known as electropositive element and forms a positively charged ion called as cation. The element which accepts the electrons is known as electronegative element and forms a negatively charged ion called as anion.

Thus valence electrons participate in chemical bonding.

the law of conservation of mass states that in a chemical reaction, the total mass of reactants is equal to the total mass of products. because atoms are only rearranged in a chemical reaction, there must be the same number of sodium atoms and chlorine atoms in both the reactants and products

93.2 ml + 3920 ml = 4013 ml total  

(93.2 ml) * (2.03 m) / (4013 ml) = 0.0471 m

the volume in in l of the diluted solution would be 0.0471 m.