How is particle motion related to thermal equilibrium?

With billions of moving particles colliding into each other, an area of high energy will slowly transfer across the material until thermal equilibrium is reached (the temperature is the same across the material).

in chemistry, adhesion and cohesion are attractive forces that exist between molecules. they hold the molecules together from each other. they are different in that adhesive force exists between molecules of different substance while cohesive force happens between molecules of same substance.

adhesion between water and glass causes water molecules at the edge of water and glass interface to climb up the wall in a narrow glass tube. this is called capillary action. cohesion is what gives glass its shape and causes water to form a droplet.