Chemistry, 20.10.2020 01:01 jaemitchell23

in a complete paragraph (5+ sentences) rank the strength of attraction between the protons and valence electrons of atoms of Nitrogen, Gallium, and Arsenic. Fully EXPLAIN why you ranked them in the way you did, comparing and explaining the differences in their Coulombic attraction as you learned yesterday.

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Answer from: JamesLachoneus

N> As> Ga

Explanation:

There are two important factors that come into play when we are discussing the strength of attraction between protons and valence electrons;

1) distance of the valence electrons from the nucleus

2) size of the nuclear charge

If we consider the elements; nitrogen, arsenic and gallium, nitrogen is in period 2. This implies that it has only two shells. The valence electrons are closer to the nucleus and are more strongly attracted to the protons in the nucleus.

Arsenic and gallium are both in period 4. This implies that they both contain a total of 4 electron shells. However, arsenic has a nuclear charge of 33 protons while gallium has a nuclear charge of 31 protons. Hence arsenic has a greater size of nuclear charge than gallium. The attraction between protons and valence electrons in arsenic is therefore greater than it is in gallium.

Answer from: Quest

A. 17 hope this dudet

Answer from: Quest

assuming that your periodic table has eighteen columns, you should highlight the four elements in the third column from the left of the table.

explanation

neutral atoms of elements after calcium contain d electrons. the energy of d orbitals of a particular main shell lies between the energy of the s and p orbitals of the next main shell. for example, electrons in the $3d$ have energy higher than those in the $4 s$ orbital while lower than those of the $4 p$ orbital.

by the aufbau principle, electrons fill orbitals one at a time, starting from those of the lowest energy. the $4s$ orbital is therefore filled right after $3p$ orbitals and before $3 d$ orbitals.

potassium has electron configuration $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{1}$ and calcium $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{2}$ . the s orbital of a main shell holds a maximum of two electrons. the next element would thus have the electron configuration $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{2} \; 3d^{1}$ and satisfy the requirements.

a neutral atom of the element contains three electrons on top of the most recent noble gas element. it should thus be placed in the third column of the periodic table. both scandium and yttrium would satisfy the conditions. an aufbau diagram indicates that the 4f orbital is filled before the 5d. however, it appears that exceptions exists for both lanthanum and actinium. neutral atoms of the two d-block elements also demonstrate the $ns^{2} \; (n-1) p^{1}$ and should be highlighted as well.

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