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1. Saturated zone

             2. the water table

              3. Aquifer

              4.  Land subsidence          

Explanation:The saturated zone beneath the water

An aquifer is defined as a body of rock or unconsolidated sediment that has sufficient permeability to allow water to flow through it.

Land subsidence occurs when there is a loss of support below ground. This is most often caused by human activities, mainly from the overuse of groundwater, when the soil collapses, compacts, and drops.

a rain shadow is a dry region of land on the side that is protected against the prevailing winds of a mountain range. the prevailing winds are the winds that occur most of the time in a particular place of the earth

prevailing winds carry air toward the mountain range. as the air rises up over a mountain range, the air cools, water vapor condenses, and clouds form. on this side of the mountains, called the windward side, precipitation falls in the form of  rain  or snow. this dry air produces a  rain shadow.