.) Which statement is true? (A) At a given temperature, the temperature value is a measure of the total kinetic energy of all the molecules. (B) At a given temperature, all the particles have the same amount of kinetic energy. (C) At a given temperature, the average kinetic energy of the molecules is constantly changing. (D) At a given temperature, the temperature value is a measure of the average kinetic energy of all the molecules.

(D) At a given temperature, the temperature value is a measure of the average kinetic energy of all the molecules.

Explanation:

Kinetic energy is defined as the energy of an object due to its motion.

Kinetic energy remains the same at a constant temperature but increases with an increase in temperature.

At a given temperature, the temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of all the molecules. With the increase in temperature of the molecule, some of the absorbed energy is stored within the particles and some of the energy contributed to the motion of the molecules. This causes change in average kinetic energy of molecules due to an increase in temperature.

The root mean square (RMS) speed of the molecules is the square root of the average of each individual velocity squared.

Hence, the correct answer is "(D)."

particle   p is an electron and particle q is a neutron