(2R)-chlorobutane can undergo nucleophilic substitution with NaBr. This reaction can proceed through either an SN2- or an Syl-mechanism.

a) Draw the mechanism, including the stereochemistry, of this reaction, include
intermediate(s) if
present, when assuming the reaction proceeds through an SN2-mechanism.

b) Sketch the graphical course of this SN2-reaction with the change in energy as function of the
reaction coordinate.

c) Why would you prefer to avoid an SNl-mechanism when you aim to achieve an enantiomerically
pure product? Explain your answer using the intermediate of this mechanism.

d) Why would you prefer to avoid an Sn1-mechanism even in the case a racemic mixture would be
permitted?

Would appreciate if you could answer even if one question!

most historians agree that gabriel mouton, the vicar of st. paul’s church in lyons, france, is the “founding father” of the metric system. he proposed a decimal system of measurement in 1670. mouton based it on the length of one minute of arc of a great circle of the earth (now called a nautical mile, 1852 meters). he also proposed the swing-length of a pendulum with a frequency of one beat per second as the unit of length (about 25 cm). a pendulum beating with this length would have been fairly easy to produce, thus facilitating the widespread distribution of uniform standards. over the years, his work was revised, improved, and extended by a number of french scientists.

the political sponsor of weights and measures reform in the french revolutionary national assembly was the bishop of autun, better known as talleyrand. under his auspices, the french academy appointed several committees to carry out the work of developing a usable system of weights and measures for france. one of the committees recommended a decimalized measurement system based upon a length equal to one ten-millionth of the length of a quadrant of the earth’s meridian (i.e., one ten-millionth of the distance between the equator and the north pole).