Quantum Mechanics relies on probability to say what region of space an electron ismostlikelyto occupy. In your own words, describe how this principle results in the shapes ofthe orbitals.

Explanation:

Since electrons are particles that are in constant movement in a wave-like motion, is impossible to know exactly their position and velocity at all times. That's why instead of defining an orbit for them we define an atomic orbital, which is a location in space where the probability of finding an electron is high (therefore, is an electron dense zone). Since this zone has not defined limits (the wave function characterizing the orbital extend from the nucleus to infinity), the further we go from the nucleus the less dense this "cloud" is.

There is about a 90 percent probability of finding the electron  within a sphere of radius 100 pm surrounding the nucleus.  Thus, we can represent the 1 s orbital by drawing a boundary surface diagram that  encloses about 90 percent of the total electron density in an orbital, and the shape of this orbital is a sphere.

The boundary surface diagrams of p orbitals, for example, will have the shape of two lobes on opposite sides of the nucleus, that means that within this two lobes we have a 90 percent probability of finding the electron, and so on.

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