If all of the electron groups around a single central atom are bonding, and the same outer atom is bonded to the central atom in each case, is the molecule polar, nonpolar, or does it depend on the identity of the outer atom?

The identification of the outer atom determines whether the molecule is polar or non-polar. The CH4 compound, for illustration, is a non-polar compound.

There really is no dipole present here because the net dipole moments cancel one another out. As a result, the dipole moment is negligible.

The molecule CH3Cl, for instance, is a polar molecule. There is indeed a dipole force here, and the net polarization isn't zero.

As a result, it exhibits a dipole moment. As a result, the identification of the exterior atom determines whether the molecule is polar or non-polar.

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It depends on the identity of the outer atom

Explanation:

We must recall that the polarity of a molecule depends on difference In electronegativity between atoms as well as the shape of the molecule.

When a central atom has no lone pairs and all the groups in the molecule are bonding, the identity and arrangement  of the outer atoms will determine the polarity of the molecule.

A polar molecule is formed by certain types of outer atoms arranged in  certain ways around the periodic table and vice versa.

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the transfer of heat by electromagnetic radiation is called thermal radiation . it is usually carried out by electromagnetic waves in an energy range just below the visible spectrum, which is the infrared range.

so the answer would be radiation.

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