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c: the outer shell of the atom Hydrogen, in column IA, row 1 has one electron in one shell Phosphorous in column VA, row 3 has 5 electrons in its outer shell, and has three shells in total. Image from James K. Hardy's chemistry site at the University of Akron.

Explanation:

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organisms are more likely to be more preserved in mud than sand because mud is moist and wet, while sand is very dry.