The energy released by an earthquake moves out from the earthquake's in the form of seismic waves.

The answer is Focus

The seismic waves are produced by an earthquake’s focus, which is the area in the Earth’s surface that experiences stress. These waves radiate energy that travels through the layers of the Earth.

answer: option (b) is the correct answer.

explanation:

a covalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons. whereas polarity arises due to difference in electronegativity of two atoms.

therefore, more is the electronegativity of an atom which combines with the titanium, more readily it will induce a partial positive and negative charge.

thus, out of the given options fluorine is most electronegative and has an incomplete octet. therefore, it will readily combine with titanium to share the electrons and complete its octet.  

dynamic equilibrium is the answer.