The proton mass is 1.007276 amu , the neutron mass is 1.008665 amu , and the electron mass is 5.486×10−4 amu. Required:
a. What is the expected mass of a sodium-23 nucleus, based on the total mass of its protons and neutrons?
b. What is the binding energy for a sodium-23 nucleus?
c. What is the binding energy, ΔE, for a sodium-23 nucleus in MeV/nucleon?

answer: option (b) is the correct answer.

explanation:

a covalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons. whereas polarity arises due to difference in electronegativity of two atoms.

therefore, more is the electronegativity of an atom which combines with the titanium, more readily it will induce a partial positive and negative charge.

thus, out of the given options fluorine is most electronegative and has an incomplete octet. therefore, it will readily combine with titanium to share the electrons and complete its octet.  

answer; the numbers of valence electrons in the acetic acid molecule (ch3co2h) is 24;