The colors of transition metal complexes result from transitions in which a. vibrations of the ligands are excited to higher energies. b. electrons of the ligands are excited to higher energies. c. electrons of the transition metal ion are excited to higher energies. d. rotations of the entire complex are excited to higher energies. e. nuclear spins of the transition metal ion are excited to higher energies.

c. electrons of the transition metal ion are excited to higher energies.

Explanation:

- calcium has greater affinity to bond with electron receptors than hydrogen does and hence, it has the ability to replace hydrogen in most of its compounds.

- lithium has 2 valence electrons in the product because it can make only 1 bond with hydrogen. beryllium has 4 valence electrons in the product because it can only make 2 bonds. it has fewer electrons than neon and can react with electron donors. each hydrogen has 2 valence electrons, the same as helium.

- the covalent bond formed between carbon and hydrogen is polar because carbon is more electronegative than hydrogen and it attracts the bonded electron pair closer to itself, thus giving hydrogen a partial positive charge.

- a hydrogen bond is a relatively weak bond that hydrogen atoms make with the electronegative atoms nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine.

so the best choice is a.) 2 calcium (ca) atoms

d.) circle motion requires a force to give it a centripetal acceleration.