What happens to particles when P waves and S waves pass through them? -P waves cause an increase in pressure on particles of materials as they pass through. S waves decrease pressure on the particles of materials as they pass through.

-Particles travel in waves as P waves pass through materials. Particles twist and shake as S waves pass through materials.

-P waves twist particles as they pass through materials. S waves cause particles to compress as they pass through materials.

-Particles are squeezed together and pushed apart by P waves. Particles slide past each other in a crosswise direction as S waves pass through them.

water   molecules stay close to each other through cohesion, the collective action of hydrogen bonds between water molecules. cohesion plants draw water upwards from the root through the stem's transport tubes (xylem) to the leaf. this transport occurs even in large trees and against gravity. transpiration, evaporation of water from plant leaves, creates a tension on water molecules being pulled up from the stem and roots.

water also has high (the attraction of one substance to another) properties because of its polar nature. adhesion of water molecules to plant cell walls counteract gravity while water is transported from roots to leaves.

water exhibits a very high surface tension when compared to other liquids. surface tension is a property of a liquid that holds the surface together and allows it to resist an external force. by capillary action, the water forms concave menisci inside the pores. the high surface tension of water pulls the concavity outwards, generating enough force to lift water from the roots to the leaves of plants.

thus, cohesion, along with adhesion and surface tension creates a capillary action that keeps water molecules interacting and moving through the plants out to the leaf cells.

therefore, option d) is the correct answer.

explanation:

c- cold periods in earth's history during which glaciers covered much of the surface.

explanation: