In a polar reaction mechanism, the atom that gives away electrons in a neutral nucleophile will end up as a(n):

The question is incomplete, the complete question is shown in the image attached.

Cation

Explanation:

In a polar reaction mechanism, a specie must give out electrons and another specie must accept those electrons.

The specie that gives out electrons becomes electron deficient and positively charged so we refer to such a specie as a cation.

Hence, the specie that looses electrons becomes a cation.

the enthalpy of formation of water is given as -285.8kj/mol, which states that the enthalpy of formation is negative.

negative enthalpy of formation indicates that the heat is released during the reaction process. the heat is released from reaction to the surroundings the enthalpy is expressed with a negative sign with the energy given out in the reaction process.

the formation of water takes place by giving out heat which is -285.8 kj/mol.