Determine the volume of water to be added to the nitric acid solution at a concentration of 8.61 mol / L to prepare 500 mL of the bulk concentration solution at 1.75 mol / L

398 mL

Explanation:

Using the equation for molarity,

C₁V₁ = C₂V₂ where C₁ = concentration before adding water = 8.61 mol/L and V₁ = volume before adding water, C₂ = concentration after adding water = 1.75 mol/L and V₂ = volume after adding water = 500 mL = 0.5 L

V₂ = V₁ + V' where V' = volume of water added.

So, From C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

V₁ =  C₂V₂/C₁

= 1.75 mol/L × 0.5 L ÷ 8.61 mol/L

= 0.875 mol/8.61 mol/L

= 0.102 L

So, V₂ = V₁ + V'

0.5 L = 0.102 L + V'

V' = 0.5 L - 0.102 L

= 0.398 L

= 398 mL

So, we need to add 398 mL of water to the nitric solution.

since the atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus, as we move to the left on the periodic table, the electrostatic pull between the nucleus and the valence electron shell decreases. as we move down a group (vertical column), the valence shell energy level gets further and further from the nucleus.