Volcanic islands can form over hot spots. The Hawaiian Islands started forming over hot spots in the Pacific Ocean millions of years ago. What process causes the hot, solid rock to rise through the mantle at these locations?

Convection Currents

Explanation:

Due to the different   temperature occurring at the  upper and lower layers  of the mantle, it causes  heat transfer to occur. One of such heat transfer is the Convection currents which causes  warmer, less dense rock material in the core to rise through the mantle. Also, the cooler rocks in the higher mantle move slowly towards the core.The movement caused by these  Convection current in the Earth are  called plate tectonics which are responsible for earthquakes and volcanoes.

when the volume of gas is   changed from   717.73 ml   to 852 ml   the temperature will   change   from 315   c to 452   c

    calculation

this is calculated using the charles law formula

that is,   v1/t1 = v2/t2

          v1=?

        t1 = 315 c   into   kelvin = 315 +273 = 588 k

        v2 = 852   ml

        t2 = 425c + 273 =698 k

make v1   the subject of the formula ( by   multiplying both side by t1)

  v1=( v2 xt1) / t2

v1= (852 ml   x 588 k)/ 698 k= 717.73 ml