What type of sugar derivative has the aldehyde group (-CHO) of an aldose replaced by a carboxylic acid group (-COOH)

Aldonic acids

Explanation:

Aldonic acids are a group of sugar acids which are derived from the oxidation of the aldehyde group (-CHO) of an aldose to a carboxylic acid group (-COOH).

The aldehyde group of monosaccharides is easily oxidized to the carboxylic acid group by relatively mild oxidizing agents such as copper (ii) ions and the products are called aldonic acids. This oxidation of monosaccharides such as glucose and other reducing sugars is the basis for the test for reducing sugars using the Fehling's reagent, whereby blue copper (ii) ions in solution are reduced to red copper (i) oxide which precipitate out of solution. The most common oxidizing agent used in preparation of aldonic acids is bromine. For example, oxidation of D-glucose by bromine water at C1 yields D-gluconic acid.

Aldonic acids do not usually exist in hemiacetal ring forms but are generally found in their lactone form which are cyclic structures formed by an ester linkage between the carboxylic group and one of the hydroxyl groups of the same molecule.

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