1. Acompound formed during the incomplete combustion of plastics shows the following percentage composition:
44.76%
1.25%H
44.05 % CI 9.94 % O
The molar mass is known to be 321.97 g/mol. Determine the empirical formula and the molecular formula for this compound

The empirical formula : C₆H₂Cl₂O

The molecular formula : C₁₂H₄Cl₄O₂

Given

The percentage composition

Required

The empirical formula and the molecular formula

Solution

The mol ratio of the components :

C : H : Cl : O

=44.76/12 : 1.25/1 : 44.05/35.5 : 9.94/16

=3.73 : 1.25 : 1.241 : 0.621 divide by 1.241

= 3 : 1 : : 1 : 0.5 x 2

= 6 : 2 : 2 : 1

The empirical formula : C₆H₂Cl₂O

(Empirical formula)n=molecular formula

(C₆H₂Cl₂O)n=321.97

(160.986)n=321.97

n=2

(C₆H₂Cl₂O)₂=C₁₂H₄Cl₄O₂

The molecular formula : C₁₂H₄Cl₄O₂

- calcium has greater affinity to bond with electron receptors than hydrogen does and hence, it has the ability to replace hydrogen in most of its compounds.

- lithium has 2 valence electrons in the product because it can make only 1 bond with hydrogen. beryllium has 4 valence electrons in the product because it can only make 2 bonds. it has fewer electrons than neon and can react with electron donors. each hydrogen has 2 valence electrons, the same as helium.

- the covalent bond formed between carbon and hydrogen is polar because carbon is more electronegative than hydrogen and it attracts the bonded electron pair closer to itself, thus giving hydrogen a partial positive charge.

- a hydrogen bond is a relatively weak bond that hydrogen atoms make with the electronegative atoms nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine.

so the best choice is a.) 2 calcium (ca) atoms