Photodissociation of ozone (O3) can be described as producing an oxygen atom with heat of formation 247.5 kJ/mol. However, in reality photodissociation yields an oxygen atom that is temporarily in an excited state (O*) with a standard enthalpy of 438 kJ/mol. O3 + hv → O2+ O^+
H^o: (142.9) (0) 438(KJ/mol)

Required:
What maximum wavelength could cause this photodissociation?

0.2193 μm

Explanation:

The reaction showing the Photodissociation of ozone (O3) is given below as:

           O₃         +        hv   >      O₂         +       O⁺  

H°        (142.9)                                                         (0)                  (438kJ/mol).

The first thing to do here is to determine the change in the enthalpy of the total reaction, this can be done by subtracting the change in the enthalpy of the reactant from the change in enthalpy in the product. Hence, we have:

ΔH° = [438 kJ/mol + 247.5 kJ/mol] - (142.9) = 542.6 KJ/mol.

This value, that is 542.6 KJ/mol will then be used in the determination of the value for the maximum wavelength that could cause this photodissociation.

Therefore, the maximum wavelength could cause this photodissociation ≤ h × c/ E = [ 1.199 × 10⁻⁴]/ 542.6 = 2.193 × 10⁻⁷ =  0.2193 μm

- calcium has greater affinity to bond with electron receptors than hydrogen does and hence, it has the ability to replace hydrogen in most of its compounds.

- lithium has 2 valence electrons in the product because it can make only 1 bond with hydrogen. beryllium has 4 valence electrons in the product because it can only make 2 bonds. it has fewer electrons than neon and can react with electron donors. each hydrogen has 2 valence electrons, the same as helium.

- the covalent bond formed between carbon and hydrogen is polar because carbon is more electronegative than hydrogen and it attracts the bonded electron pair closer to itself, thus giving hydrogen a partial positive charge.

- a hydrogen bond is a relatively weak bond that hydrogen atoms make with the electronegative atoms nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine.

so the best choice is a.) 2 calcium (ca) atoms