What is the intial temperature of a 1.89 gram hot piece of copper (specific heat = 0.094 cal/g°C) that is cooled by placing it in 8.0 grams of 1.0 °C water (specific heat = 1.0 cal/g °C)? The final temperature of the system is 3.0 °C.

Liquid from a brewery fermentation contains 10% ethanol and 90% water. part of the fermentation product (50,000 kg/h) is pumped to a distillation column on the factory site. under current operating conditions, a distillate of 45% ethanol and 55% water is produced from the top of the column at a rate of one-tenth that of the feed. what is the composition of the waste "bottoms" from the still?