When vinegar is added to some marble chips ( calcium carbonate) bubbles of gas are observed, what gas is produced and how can it be identified?

By passing the gas through lime water

Explanation:

The equation of the reaction of vinegar with  calcium carbonate in the form of marble chips is shown below;

CaCO3(s) + 2CH3COOH(aq) > Ca(CH3COO)2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g).

We can see from the reaction equation that the gas produced is carbon dioxide. This gas is identified by passing the gas through lime water. If lime water turns milky, then the gas is truly carbon dioxide.

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the mantle

explanation:

earth is divided into three layers: the crust or the outermost layer on which we live; the underlying, middle layer - the mantle - and the core (the innermost layer of earth).