Why can the charge of the nucleus never be +8​

Imagine that twenty i.u.’s of enzyme z were catalyzing the above reaction for one minute, under vmaxconditions, in a 3.00 ml assay volume. the assay is buffered with 20 mm phosphate buffer, ph 7.60. what will the ph be at the end of that one minute?

Answer asap : ( a. how does mucus prevent the entry of pathogens? b. describe two ways white blood cells protect us from pathogens.

The atoms of a solid aluminum can are close together, vibrating in a rigid structure. if the can is warmed up on a hot plate, what happens to the atoms?