Why sometimes the electrons of an atom transfer to higher energy level​

According to Bohr, the amount of energy needed to move an electron from one zone to another is a fixed, finite amount. ... The electron with its extra packet of energy becomes excited, and promptly moves out of its lower energy level and takes up a position in a higher energy level. This situation is unstable, however.

space exploration has led to the development and technological improvement of many everyday items. (if this answer is wrong i will find the right answer) : )

the best answer is d because the strong cohesion is caused by the ability of water molecules to undergo hydrogen bonding.

a is incorrect because when water solidifies, it becomes   ice, which expands and occupies a bigger volume for the same mass of water in its liquid state.

b is incorrect because water has high surface tension. besides bonding to itself it hydrogen bonds to other molecules at the top decreasing possibility for breaking of attractive forces.

c is incorrect because the water molecule has oxygen which is highly electronegative and so pulls the electron pair towards itself creating a dipole moment, making the molecule polar.

e is incorrect because water has strong adhesion, ability to stick to other molecules such as glass because of this molecules having stronger hydrogen bonding than water.