Note: Vol. = volume. Since the bolt has an irregular shape, find its volume by displacement only. 1. Calculate the volumes of the samples used in Procedure step 2. Record the calculated
volumes in Table 2.2. Why could we not find the volume of the bolt by this method?
2. How did you find the volume of the PE rod using the displacement method?
Note: 1 cm = 1 mL.
Because PE floats, push the rod under the water with a very small object, such as a
pin, and volume of the pin is negligible and can be ignored.

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.

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explanation:

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