The outer shell electron of an atom; participates in chemical bonding

the answer is: they rebelled against saddam hussein’s rule.

kurds opposed saddam rule and wanted independence. kurds in the north and shiites in the south revolt against hussein.

for example, the halabja attack in 1988 conducted against the kurdish people by the iraqi regime under saddam hussein, where between 4000 people are killed and around 9000 are injured.

it would be a gas formation