Rank the following species in order of increasing basicity. NH3, NH4 , NH2-, Cl-,H2O. a. NH3
b. NH4
c. NH2
d. Cl-
e. H2O

D, E, A, B, C

Explanation:

The weakest base would be Cl- because HCl is a stronger acid than that of H3O+ from which the water is formed.

Also, for NH3 is a stronger acid than +NH4. Reason is that oxygen is more electronegative than nitrogen and thus NH3 is a stronger acid than NH4+.

The stronger, the acid, the weaker its conjugate base. Thus, NH3 is a weaker base than NH4.

NH2- has the highest basicity because nitrogen is less of an electronegative element than is oxygen. Therefore, it will not want a negative charge.

Hence, the final order in terms of increasing basicity is;

Cl-, H20, NH3, NH4, NH2-

c is having 4 valence electrons and is bonded to three hydrogens and one sulphur atom, therefore, the number of bond pair is equal to four. as all the valence electrons are used in forming the bonds so, there is no lone pair left on carbon.

s is having 6 valence electrons and is bonded to one other sulfur atom and one carbon atom, therefore, the number of bond pair is equal to 2. as only two valence electrons are used in forming the bonds so, four electrons are left. therefore, two lone pairs are present on s.