Help me answer this please Are the electrons in the following redox reactions transferred completely from the atoms of one element to the atoms of another or are they only partially transferred?
a. Ca(s) + Cl2(g) → CaCl2(s)
b. 4Cu(s) + O2(g) → 2Cu2O(s)

Answer is in the photo. I can't attach it here, but I uploaded it to a file hosting. link below! Good Luck!

cutt.ly/rzNrBcz

"among the transition metal elements, manganese and zinc have a slight lowering of electronegativities. the reason behind this is that the nuclear charges of these elements are slightly weaker than the other transition metal elements due to the way their valence electrons are filled up. both manganese and zinc have their valence electrons filled up to the 4th shell with 1 pair of electrons (4s2) completely occupying it. although the electrons in the 3rd shell (3d) are yet to be paired since the outer most shell is filled up, the ability of the nucleus to attract electrons is lessened. hence,   the electronegativity (or the ability to attract electrons) is lessened."

in chemistry, adhesion and cohesion are attractive forces that exist between molecules. they hold the molecules together from each other. they are different in that adhesive force exists between molecules of different substance while cohesive force happens between molecules of same substance.

adhesion between water and glass causes water molecules at the edge of water and glass interface to climb up the wall in a narrow glass tube. this is called capillary action. cohesion is what gives glass its shape and causes water to form a droplet.