Indicate which of these statements about catalysts are true. 1) In an equilibrium process, a catalyst increases the rate of the forward reaction, but leaves the rate of the reverse reaction unchanged. 2) A catalyst is not consumed in the course of a reaction. 3) A catalyst must be carefully chosen to shift the equilibrium toward products.

2) A catalyst is not consumed in the course of a reaction.

Explanation:

A catalyst is a substance which increases the rate of  chemical reaction and remains chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction.  The addition of a catalyst increases the rate of both reversible and irreversible reactions. including reversible reactions involving a final equilibrium state. In reversible reactions, catalysts speed up the time for equilibrium to be attained.

Considering the given statements about catalysts:

1) In an equilibrium process, a catalyst increases the rate of the forward reaction, but leaves the rate of the reverse reaction unchanged.

False: A catalyst increases both the forward and reverse reaction rates equally, thereby allowing the system to reach equilibrium faster.

2) A catalyst is not consumed in the course of a reaction.

True: Catalysts are substances that increase reaction rates without being consumed in the reaction.

3) A catalyst must be carefully chosen to shift the equilibrium toward products.

False: A catalyst does not affect the extent or position equilibrium of a reaction since a catalyst speeds up both the forward and back reactions by  equal amounts , rather it helps a reaction achieve equilibrium faster.

the answer is b. dilution