The second law of thermodynamics can be worded in different ways, such as a.) heat can flow spontaneously from a hot object to a cold object, or b.) the total entropy of any system plus that of the environment increases as a result of natural processes. Why are these statements equivalent

Explanation:

The principal reason why these statements are equivalent and identical is that there can be a progressional flow of heat from a hot object item to a cold object because of this entropy is increasing and expanding Δg < 0 but stream flow from cold to hot is nonspontaneous as Δg > 0.

e.g

As found in heat engines and refrigerators.

gravity causes stares to cluster i think so