A 0.6467-g portion of manganese dioxide was added to an acidic solution in which 1.1701 g of a chloride-containing sample was dissolved. Evolution of chlorine took place as a consequence of the following reaction: After the reaction was complete, the excess was collected by filtration, washed, and weighed, and 0.3104 g was recovered. Express the results of this analysis in terms of percent aluminum chloride.

29.39% of AlCl₃ in the sample

Explanation:

Based on the reaction:

MnO₂(s) + 2Cl⁻ + 4H⁺ → Mn²⁺ + Cl₂(g) + 2H₂O

We can find the amount of chloride in solution with the amount of MnO₂ that reacted as follows:

Initial mass MnO₂ = 0.6467g

Recovered mass = 0.3104g

Mass that reacted = 0.6467g - 0.3104g = 0.3363g

Moles MnO₂ -Molar mass: 86.9368g/mol-:

0.3363g * (1mol / 86.9368g) = 3.868x10⁻³ moles MnO₂

Moles Cl⁻:

3.868x10⁻³ moles MnO₂ * (2mol Cl⁻ / 1mol MnO₂) = 7.737x10⁻³ moles Cl⁻

Moles of AlCl₃ and mass -Molar mass AlCl₃: 133.34g/mol-:

7.737x10⁻³ moles Cl⁻ * (1mol AlCl₃ / 3mol Cl⁻) = 2.579x10⁻³ moles AlCl₃

2.579x10⁻³ moles AlCl₃ * (133.34g / mol) =

0.3439g of AlCl₃ are present in the sample.

The percent is:

0.3439g of AlCl₃ / 1.1701g * 100 =

hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only hydrogens and carbons. they can be saturated (those which contain only carbon-carbon single bonds) or unsaturated (those which contain carbon-carbon double or triple bonds) in nature. hydrocarbons can undergo several reactions like substitution, elimination etc.  

on substituting one or more hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon it results in the formation of haloalkane. as the halogen atoms are large compared to the carbon and hydrogen atoms, due to which the molecular weight increases and the bond become polar because of presence electronegative halogen atom and results in the increase in boiling point of the haloalkane.

thus, the correct option is (b) that is the boiling point of the new compound increases on substituting a hydrogen atom with a halogen in a hydrocarbon.