In the reaction of 1 mole of solid carbon with oxygen gas, the energy of the carbon dioxide gas produced is 393 kJ lower than the energy of the reactants.
1. Write out a balanced equation for the reaction - include the heat of the reaction
2. Is this reaction endothermic or exothermic, explain why.
3. Assuming there is an endless supply of C, how would increasing the amount of O2 molecules change the
rate of the reaction?
4. How would lowering the temperature affect the rate of reaction?

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.

while cooking a piece of 1/2 pound beef steak, a cast iron pan (2.4kg in weight) was heated 260 celsius.