Ineed to know how to do this problem

Elements that do not have full outer electron shells will donate, share, or take electrons from other atoms. choose the items that have the correct binary ionic formula.

You have 125g of a certain seasoning and are told that it contains 76.0 g of salt what is the percentage of salt by mass in this seasoning

1)each group 16 element has how many valence electrons? ( )4 ( )6 ( )8 ( )16 2)how many dots appear in the dot structure for calcium ion, ca2+? ( )zero ( )one ( )two ( )eight 3) which of the following atoms forms a cation to obtain an octet of outer shell electrons? ( )magnesium ( )oxygen ( )fluorine ( )helium 4) an al3+ ion contains 13 protons and 10 electrons. ( )true ( )false 5) valence and non-valence electrons are represented in lewis dot structures. ( )true ( )false