What other substance containing sodium would be needed to make the buffer?

would be needed to make the buffer.

Further explanation:

Buffer solution:

These solutions offer resistance to any changes in their pH if strong acid or base is added to them. Buffer solutions are basically aqueous solution consisting of weak acid and its conjugate base.

The alkalinity or acidity of any solution is governed by its pH. pH range varies from 0 to 14. Solutions that have pH less than 7 are acidic in nature, those with pH 7 are neutral and those with pH more than 7 are basic or alkaline in nature.

Categorization of buffer solutions:

Acidic buffer:

These solutions have pH less than 7 and are formed by weak acid and its conjugate base. For example mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate form acidic buffer.

Basic buffer:

These solutions have pH more than 7 and are formed by weak base and its conjugate acid. For example mixture of ammonium chloride and ammonium hydroxide form basic or alkaline buffer.

Consider as a base and its sodium salt becomes NaClO. is strong base so its conjugate acid becomes weak. Since buffer is composed of aqueous solution of weak acid and its conjugate base, NaClO can be used to make buffer.

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Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Buffer solutions

Keywords: buffer solution, pH, NaClO, acidic buffer, basic buffer, 7, less than 7, more than 7, ClO-.

the best answer is d because the strong cohesion is caused by the ability of water molecules to undergo hydrogen bonding.

a is incorrect because when water solidifies, it becomes   ice, which expands and occupies a bigger volume for the same mass of water in its liquid state.

b is incorrect because water has high surface tension. besides bonding to itself it hydrogen bonds to other molecules at the top decreasing possibility for breaking of attractive forces.

c is incorrect because the water molecule has oxygen which is highly electronegative and so pulls the electron pair towards itself creating a dipole moment, making the molecule polar.

e is incorrect because water has strong adhesion, ability to stick to other molecules such as glass because of this molecules having stronger hydrogen bonding than water.